3 research outputs found

    Alternative Methods for Non-Linearity Estimation in High-Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters

    Get PDF
    The evaluation of the linearity performance of a high resolution Analog-to- Digital Converter (ADC) by the Standard Histogram method is an outstanding challenge due to the requirement of high purity of the input signal and the high number of output data that must be acquired to obtain an acceptable accuracy on the estimation. These requirements become major application drawbacks when the measures have to be performed multiple times within long test flows and for many parts, and under an industrial environment that seeks to reduce costs and lead times as is the case in the New Space sector. This thesis introduces two alternative methods that succeed in relaxing the two previous requirements for the estimation of the Integral Nonlinearity (INL) parameter in ADCs. The methods have been evaluated by estimating the Integral Non-Linearity pattern by simulation using realistic high-resolution ADC models and experimentally by applying them to real high performance ADCs. First, the challenge of applying the Standard Histogram method for the evaluation of static parameters in high resolution ADCs and how the drawbacks are accentuated in the New Space industry is analysed, being a highly expensive method for an industrial environment where cost and lead time reduction is demanded. Several alternative methods to the Standard Histogram for estimating Integral Nonlinearity in high resolution ADCs are reviewed and studied. As the number of existing works in the literature is very large and addressing all of them is a challenge in itself, only those most relevant to the development of this thesis have been included. Methods based on spectral processing to reduce the number of data acquired for the linearity test and methods based on a double histogram to be able to use generators that do not meet the the purity requirement against the ADC to be tested are further analysed. Two novel contributions are presented in this work for the estimation of the Integral Nonlinearity in ADCs, as possible alternatives to the Standard Histogram method. The first method, referred to as SSA (Simple Spectral Approach), seeks to reduce the number of output data that need to be acquired and focuses on INL estimation using an algorithm based on processing the spectrum of the output signal when a sinusoidal input stimulus is used. This type of approach requires a much smaller number of samples than the Standard Histogram method, although the estimation accuracy will depend on how smooth or abrupt the ADC nonlinearity pattern is. In general, this algorithm cannot be used to perform a calibration of the ADC nonlinearity error, but it can be applied to find out between which limits it lies and what its approximate shape is. The second method, named SDH (Simplified Double Histogram)aims to estimate the Non-Linearity of the ADC using a poor linearity generator. The approach uses two histograms constructed from the two set of output data in response to two identical input signals except for a dc offset between them. Using a simple adder model, an extended approach named ESDH (Extended Simplified Double Histogram) addresses and corrects for possible time drifts during the two data acquisitions, so that it can be successfully applied in a non-stationary test environment. According to the experimental results obtained, the proposed algorithm achieves high estimation accuracy. Both contributions have been successfully tested in high-resolution ADCs with both simulated and real laboratory experiments, the latter using a commercial ADC with 14-bit resolution and 65Msps sampling rate (AD6644 from Analog Devices).La medida de la caracter铆stica de linealidad de un convertidor anal贸gicodigital (ADC) de alta resoluci贸n mediante el m茅todo est谩ndar del Histograma constituye un gran desaf铆o debido los requisitos de alta pureza de la se帽al de entrada y del elevado n煤mero de datos de salida que deben adquirirse para obtener una precisi贸n aceptable en la estimaci贸n. Estos requisitos encuentran importantes inconvenientes para su aplicaci贸n cuando las medidas deben realizarse dentro de largos flujos de pruebas, m煤ltiples veces y en un gran n煤mero de piezas, y todo bajo un entorno industrial que busca reducir costes y plazos de entrega como es el caso del sector del Nuevo Espacio. Esta tesis introduce dos m茅todos alternativos que consiguen relajar los dos requisitos anteriores para la estimaci贸n de los par谩metros de no linealidad en los ADCs. Los m茅todos se han evaluado estimando el patr贸n de No Linealidad Integral (INL) mediante simulaci贸n utilizando modelos realistas de ADC de alta resoluci贸n y experimentalmente aplic谩ndolos en ADCs reales. Inicialmente se analiza el reto que supone la aplicaci贸n del m茅todo est谩ndar del Histograma para la evaluaci贸n de los par谩metros est谩ticos en ADCs de alta resoluci贸n y c贸mo sus inconvenientes se acent煤an en la industria del Nuevo Espacio, siendo un m茅todo altamente costoso para un entorno industrial donde se exige la reducci贸n de costes y plazos de entrega. Se estudian m茅todos alternativos al Histograma est谩ndar para la estimaci贸n de la No Linealidad Integral en ADCs de alta resoluci贸n. Como el n煤mero de trabajos es muy amplio y abordarlos todos es ya en s铆 un desaf铆o, se han incluido aquellos m谩s relevantes para el desarrollo de esta tesis. Se analizan especialmente los m茅todos basados en el procesamiento espectral para reducir el n煤mero de datos que necesitan ser adquiridos y los m茅todos basados en un doble histograma para poder utilizar generadores que no cumplen el requisito de precisi贸n frente al ADC a medir. En este trabajo se presentan dos novedosas aportaciones para la estimaci贸n de la No Linealidad Integral en ADCs, como posibles alternativas al m茅todo est谩ndar del Histograma. El primer m茅todo, denominado SSA (Simple Spectral Approach), busca reducir el n煤mero de datos de salida que es necesario adquirir y se centra en la estimaci贸n de la INL mediante un algoritmo basado en el procesamiento del espectro de la se帽al de salida cuando se utiliza un est铆mulo de entrada sinusoidal. Este tipo de enfoque requiere un n煤mero mucho menor de muestras que el m茅todo est谩ndar del Histograma, aunque la precisi贸n de la estimaci贸n depender谩 de lo suave o abrupto que sea el patr贸n de no-linealidad del ADC a medir. En general, este algoritmo no puede utilizarse para realizar una calibraci贸n del error de no linealidad del ADC, pero puede aplicarse para averiguar entre qu茅 l铆mites se encuentra y cu谩l es su forma aproximada. El segundo m茅todo, denominado SDH (Simplified Double Histogram) tiene como objetivo estimar la no linealidad del ADC utilizando un generador de baja pureza. El algoritmo utiliza dos histogramas, construidos a partir de dos conjuntos de datos de salida en respuesta a dos se帽ales de entrada id茅nticas, excepto por un desplazamiento constante entre ellas. Utilizando un modelo simple de sumador, un enfoque ampliado denominado ESDH (Extended Simplified Double Histogram) aborda y corrige las posibles derivas temporales durante las dos adquisiciones de datos, de modo que puede aplicarse con 茅xito en un entorno de prueba no estacionario. De acuerdo con los resultados experimentales obtenidos, el algoritmo propuesto alcanza una alta precisi贸n de estimaci贸n. Ambas contribuciones han sido probadas en ADCs de alta resoluci贸n con experimentos tanto simulados como reales en laboratorio, estos 煤ltimos utilizando un ADC comercial con una resoluci贸n de 14 bits y una tasa de muestreo de 65Msps (AD6644 de Analog Devices)

    Simple evaluation of the nonlinearity signature of an ADC using a spectral approach

    Get PDF
    This work presents a new method to estimate the nonlinearity characteristics of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The method is based on a nonnecessarily polynomial continuous and differentiable mathematical model of the converter transfer function, and on the spectral processing of the converter output under a sinusoidal input excitation. The simulation and experiments performed on different ADC examples prove the feasibility of the proposed method, even when the ADC nonlinearity pattern has very strong discontinuities. When compared with the traditional code histogram method, it also shows its low cost and efficiency since a significant lower number of output samples can be used still giving very realistic INL signature values.Spanish Project TEC2007-68072Junta de Andalucia EXC/2005/TIC-92

    A 2.5MHz bandpass active complex filter With 2.4MHz bandwidth for wireless communications

    Get PDF
    This paper presents a fully differential 8thorder transconductor-based active complex filter with 2.4MHz bandwidth and centered at 2.5MHz, designed in a 90nm 2.5V 7M and MIM capacitors CMOS process technology. The filter compliants with the requirements of the IEEE802.15.4 standard. Simulation results including mismatching and process variations over the extracted view of the circuit are shown. The filter has a nominal gain of 12dB, good selectivity (20dB@2MHz offset), high image rejection (51dB nominal) and low power consumption (3.6mA @2.5V).Junta de Andaluc铆a TIC-927Gobierno de Espa帽a TEC2007-6807
    corecore